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Moral Philosophy: Theories and Issues, by Emmett Barcalow
Free Ebook Moral Philosophy: Theories and Issues, by Emmett Barcalow
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Half theory, half practical application! MORAL PHILOSOPHY: THEORIES AND ISSUES is the easy-to-understand philosophy textbook that's designed specifically for you, the student without a philosophy background. You'll not only learn about moral philosophy, you'll discover how to apply it to your own life. And because it's packed with study tools inside, MORAL PHILOSOPHY: THEORIES AND ISSUES is ideal for preparing for tests.
- Sales Rank: #96990 in Books
- Published on: 2006-04-18
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.25" h x .91" w x 6.38" l, 1.14 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 416 pages
Review
1. MORALITY AND MORAL REASONING. Kinds of Moral Judgment. Moral Judgments and Moral Reasons. Evaluating Moral Arguments. The Concept of Moral Judgment. Moral Disagreement. Morality and Law. Basic Moral Principles. Basic Moral Principles are Neither True Nor Justified. Agreement on Basic Moral Principles. Duties to Ourselves? 2. NATURAL LAW AND DIVINE COMMANDS. Stoicism. Thomas Aquinas. Hobbes. Philippa Foot. The Divine Command Theory. Problems for the Divine Command Theory. Religion and a Meaningful Life. 3. REALISM, NIHILISM, SUBJECTIVISM AND RELATIVISM. Moral Realism. Moral Nihilism. Moral Subjectivism. Moral Relativism. 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM AND MORAL EGOISM. Commonsense Morality. Psychological Egoism. Moral Egoism. 5. UTILITARIANISM. Act Utilitarianism. Rule Utilitarianism. Problems for All Versions of Utilitarianism. 6. KANTIAN MORAL THEORY. Kant and the Good Will. Actions and Maxims. The Categorical Imperative. 7. VIRTUE AND VICE. Which Are the Virtues, Which Are the Vices? Aristotle on Virtue. the Unity of Virtue. Epicureans. Stoicism. Hobbes and Hume. The Seven Deadly Sins. Virtues as Dispositions to Obey Moral Rules. Virtue and Vice in Hinduism: Ahimsa. Virtue and Vice in Buddhism. Character and Freedom. 8. HUMAN RIGHTS. Assaults on Human Dignity. Rights. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Classification of Rights. John Stuart Mill and the Harm Principle. Feinberg: Four Possible Principles Legitimating Coercion. Seven Basic Freedoms. Subsistence Rights. 9. FEMINISM AND SEXUAL EQUALITY. Patriarchy. First Wave Feminism in the United States. Second Wave Feminism in the United States. The Current State of Women in the United States. Women Outside the United States. Contemporary Feminist Theory: The Third Wave. Liberal Feminism. The Ideal of Androgyny. International Documents on Women's Rights. Male Justice versus Female Care Approaches to Moral Decision Making. Are Justice and Care Approaches Incompatible? INTERLUDE: MORAL DECISION MAKING. INTERLUDE: THINKING ABOUT CASE STUDIES. McWane, Inc. Death and Tobacco. Allegations of Unethical Pharmaceutical Studies in Nigeria. Terrorism, Interrogation, and Torture. Insurance Fraud. Police Brutality in New York City. Prosecutor Withholds Evidence from the Defense. Florida Ban on Gay Adoptions. Tainted Evidence? The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Nancy Cruzan. The Philadelphia Head-Injury Studies on Primates. 10. MORALITY AND SEX. Sex Without Marriage. Sex and Happiness. Moral Duties within Sexual Relationships. The Double Standard. Pornography. Adultery. Prostitution. Homosexuality. 11. LIFE AND DEATH ISSUES. Abortion. Suicide. Euthanasia. 12. ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, POVERTY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY. Is Too Much Economic Inequality Morally Wrong? Is Poverty in the Midst of Affluence Morally Wrong? Equal Opportunity. Justice, Fairness, and Taxes. 13. RACISM AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. Solutions to Racism. 14. PUNISHMENT. Social Protection. Desert. Competence: Age, Mental Health, and Intelligence. 15. WAR AND PEACE. Peace. The Just War Tradition. Justice in Waging War. Justice in the Aftermath of War. Unconventional Weapons. Deterrence. 16. ETHICS AND ENVIRONMENT. Environmental Threats. International Declarations and Agreements on the Environment. Creating a Sustainable Society. Environmental Racism and Justice. Life-Centered vs. Human-Centered Environmental Ethics.
About the Author
Emmett Barcalow, who received a Ph.D. from Columbia University, is a Professor of Philosophy and English and Chair of the Department of Communication and Humanities at Western New England College. He is also the author of MORAL PHILOSOPHY: THEORIES AND ISSUES (Wadsworth) and OPEN QUESTIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY (Oxford University Press).
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Very good choice for a textbook
By J. Brantley
Students new to Philosophy and to Ethics could use a good model for reasoning. In an age in which the idea of "debate" has devolved into split-screen, partisan spin-wrangling, new scholars can be at a disadvantage.
Perhaps the main advantage of Moral Philosophy, then, is that Emmett Barcalow provides quite a good model of philosophical reasoning. In most chapters, Barcalow takes students on a logical walk through the issues. Though Barcalow's own inclinations are discernable, the goal of the textbook is clearly to get students accustomed to asking themselves the question: "What if I thought about this from another angle?" The tendency to ask such questions is a philosophical skill, and finding a textbook that can get that skill downloaded into students' minds is rare.
One of the ways Barcalow accomplishes this task, is to diligently ask students to consider each issue through the lens of moral theories they learn about at the beginning of the book. Any given moral issue chapter finds Barcalow laying out some of the major questions and concepts important for understanding why the issue is controversial. Closer to the end of the chapter, the author then asks what particular moral theories might say about the issue.
Barcalow does not always hit the mark when applying theory to issue. However, the consistent use of this approach in the chapters provides an excellent teaching tool and serves as a platform for discussion.
Partially reflecting the technique used in the chapters is the overall structure of the book. The first seven chapters lay out a landscape of ethical theories and considerations. Utilitarianism, Religion, and Egoism, for example, each receive their own chapters. The second half of the book is devoted to moral issues to which the theories apply, for example, feminism, crime and punishment, racism, and war.
In the theoretical chapters, Barcalow does an excellent job of both introducing the perspectives and ideas that motivate the theories; but he also takes them to task. Once again, he exemplifies the approach of thinking critically while developing understanding. There are, however, two awkward aspects about the way Barcalow incorporates theory into the book.
First, in the issue chapters, Barcalow usually only applies three of the moral theories discussed in the first half of the book: Utilitarian, Kantian, and Virtue Ethics. Clearly, these theories are some of the most talked about in contemporary ethics, but they are not the only ones. In fact, Barcalow's choice not to include the Libertarian, autonomy-based outlook as one of the main contenders smacks of omission. Further, in a pedagogical sense, students may get the impression that "all that theory stuff" discussed at the beginning is not relevant to sorting through moral issues, since not much of it plays a part later in the book. Since they are left out of other chapters, lessons supposedly learned early on in a semester (like what is wrong with relativism) can sometimes be forgotten by the time a student confronts a moral issue where s/he might apply those lessons.
A second problem with the structure of the book is that despite a promising start, there is very little use of the technique of evaluating arguments in the book. The first thirty pages include ample detail about the standard philosophical tools of arguments, premises, validity, and all that. It is somewhat surprising, then, that these structuring techniques are scarcely employed throughout the rest of the book. Practically no position in the issues chapters is ever presented in premise-conclusion form. Those issues do receive critical analysis, as explained above. However, the book would have been better if Barcalow had treated at least some of those issues by honing-in on problem premises in actual arguments. Otherwise, I fear, students come away with a less precise sense of particular issue positions.
"Limitations of space" is not an adequate excuse for perpetuating these omissions in future editions. Indeed, in a couple of the issues chapters, Barcalow sometimes appears to be filling space instead of confronting the philosophical issues. Why, for example, do we need six pages essentially describing the history of feminism, rather than more substantial discussion of its deeper issues? Why a four-page verbatim presentation of the U.N.'s "Universal Declaration of Human Rights?" There is ample room, here, to focus more on reasoning than on inessential facts.
Those considering using this book as a textbook, however, would do well to realize that these drawbacks of the text are easily offset by perspicuous course organization. A lecturer could provide the missing arguments in class. Class assignments and tests can make up for the missing applications of theory to issue. Moral Philosophy is good enough so that an instructor's attempts at compensating for the text are at least not hobbled by a lack of clarity or organization in the text.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
One of the things I loved most about studying philosophy was the multiple ways one ...
By N. Olson
I purchased this book for my sister as it was required reading for an Ethics class she was taking at her community college. I had recently graduated with a Bachelors in Philosophy as a second major from a 4 year university, and because of my background, she asked me a lot of questions and asked me to review her work. While helping, I discovered that many of the arguments and lessons were extremely biased to a specific interpretation. One of the things I loved most about studying philosophy was the multiple ways one could approach a topic. My professors in college also had their own ideas about interpretations, but also wanted each student to develop their own options using reason. In this book, the authors objective seemed to be telling you what to think rather than how to think and form your own conclusions. Additionally, I was rather shocked to find that a sizable chapter on Utilitarianism mentioned John Stuart Mill only in a small footnote as "additional reading". As an introductory book for a student who has no further interest in Moral philosophy outside of filling a course requirement, this book will suffice. For a serious student of Philosophy though, I'd recommend a different book.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Applied Ethics Text
By bamamama30
A pretty good textbook. Text is easy to understand. It is wrttien in language that easily comprehendable. I would recommend this book to others.
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