Selasa, 27 Maret 2012

[M487.Ebook] Ebook Missing Person, by Patrick Modiano

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Missing Person, by Patrick Modiano

In this strange, elegant novel, Patrick Modiano portrays a man in pursuit of the identity he lost in the murky days of the Paris Occupation, the black hole of French memory.

For 10 years Guy Roland has lived without a past. His current life and name were given to him by his recently retired boss, Hutte, who welcomed him, a one-time client, into his detective agency. Guy makes full use of Hutte's files - directories, yearbooks, and papers of all kinds going back half a century - but leads to his former life are few. Could he really be that person in a photograph, a young man remembered by some as a South American attache? Or was he someone else, perhaps the disappeared scion of a prominent local family? He interviews strangers and is tantalized by half clues until, at last, he grasps a thread that leads him through a maze of his own repressed experience.

On one level, Missing Person is a detective thriller, a 1950s film noir mix of smoky cafes, illegal passports, and insubstantial figures crossing bridges in the fog. On another level, it is also a haunting meditation on the nature of the self. Modiano's spare, hypnotic prose, superbly translated by Daniel Weissbort, draws listeners into the intoxication of a rare literary experience.

  • Sales Rank: #74036 in Audible
  • Published on: 2015-11-02
  • Format: Unabridged
  • Original language: English
  • Running time: 283 minutes

Most helpful customer reviews

83 of 85 people found the following review helpful.
The Work of a Master Storyteller
By Claude Forthomme (Nougat)
I read this book on my Kindle in the French version (French is my mother tongue) as I bought it for my 100 year old mother who still reads one novel a week on her Kindle. She wanted to read this book as soon as she heard he had won the Nobel, this is a book that came out in 1978, the year Patrick Modiano won the Goncourt, a prestigious French prize. Before bringing it over to her, I read it, immediately taken in by the opening lines, unable to put it down. As I am now writing this critique, I just learned from an article in the Washington Post, that "Missing Person" is the book Peter Englund, a historian and the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, recommends to readers unfamiliar with Patrick Modiano. “It’s a fun book,” Englund said. “He’s playing with the genre.” And the genre he is playing with is mysteries. A detective, suffering from amnesia, sets out to recover his identity, following a variety of strange leads.

I'd like to recall here a very astute comment made sometime back by Anne Korkokeakivi, writing for THE MILLIONS, where she noted that French novels tend to be "... dark, searching, philosophical, autobiographical, self-reflective, and/or poetic (without being overwritten)."

Patrick Modiano's "Missing Person" precisely fits this description. It is all these things, dark, searching, self-reflective and yes, poetic.

Consider the first lines: "I am nothing. Nothing but a pale shape, silhouetted that evening against the café terrace, waiting for the rain to stop; the shower had started when Hutte left me."

Amazing, isn't it? The opening sentence is just three words, but how they resound. I am nothing. That is of course the whole theme of the book. What comes next is a poetic evocation of someone barely there, uncertainly watching the rain. And the last part of the sentence immediately makes you want to know who is this Hutte - someone with a strange name if there ever was one.

Yes, that is how a master storyteller starts a novel, and I guarantee that you will be turning the pages as fast as I did. And you will be wondering as the main character follows clues that turn out to be non-clues, and you will find yourself perplexed as he attempts to start conversations with people who take him for...who? Really him or someone else? This is done very subtly, especially at the level of dialogues, the kind one carries on with people one barely knows. But can one ever really know the other and oneself? So yes, the book is presented as a mystery, but the mystery is the main character...And bottom line, our own selves, each and everyone of us, how sure are you of who you really are...

So how good is Patrick Modiano? Very good, five stars, I highly recommend it. And I think you'll be happily surprised what a short read it is too, featherweight, a little over 200 pages. A small perfection...

91 of 101 people found the following review helpful.
Beyond "Waiting for Godot". Or too numbed.
By Ronald Haak
"MISSING PERSON is on my short list of the very finest fiction since 1945. It's magnificent because of its vagueness. It's essential that the protagonist wander around in a daze to convey a Europe bereft of reference points, orientation and a sense of confident purpose.

"Mistah Kurz, he dead!" Conrad, Heart of Darkness.

"The empires of our time were shortlived, but they have altered the world forever. Their passing away is their least significant feature." Naipaul.

Heaped upon this lost purpose is the contribution of a subsequent interventionist: "If we fail, we will drag half the world down with us into the same abyss." Hitler.

MISSING PERSON illuminates European consciousness numbed and stupified by the fallout and consequences of these 3 historical developments.

This novel is a masterpiece.

14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Secrets of a Past
By Roger Brunyate
"I am nothing"* -- the opening phrase of this 1978 novel which won the Prix Goncourt for Patrick Modiano, now the most recent winner of the Nobel Prize. The protagonist is a private detective named Guy Roland. Only this is merely the name given to him by Hutte, his former employer at the detective agency when he rescued him from total amnesia a dozen years before, and gave him a job. Now Hutte is retiring to Nice, leaving Guy with only one case to investigate: his own.

Yes, it is a totally implausible concept, but Modiano is less interested in the mechanism of Guy's search for self than in what that search will reveal. The detective will follow a number of clues, each time finding somebody who will give him a tiny part of his story, but not the whole of it. The story is implausible too in that Guy gets almost none of the "Why bother me?" kinds of reaction that one might expect. Almost all his informants seem glad to talk with him; they invite him to their homes and give him boxes of souvenirs to go away with. This, even as Guy himself is having to pose as someone else to gain their confidence, trying on one possible role after another, as he gradually works out who he must be. And, as he does so, he begins to have flashes of memory of his own.

Artificial though the mechanism may be, there is none of the surrealism that one associates with many mid-century French writers. Modiano copies the "policier" style perfectly; his noir settings and vivid dialogue could come from the pen of Simenon or any of his followers. "The lights in the bar dimmed, as they do in some dance-halls at the beginning of a slow fox."* There is a fascination with his journeys into various quarters of Paris to meet new informants: a cocktail pianist, a jockey, various Russian expatriates, others of mixed or uncertain nationality. Although the original French title, "Rue des Boutiques Obscures" ("Street of Shady Shops" perhaps?) turns out to have little to do with Paris, the roman-noir idea of secrets hiding behind closed doors is a powerful and compelling one. This is an easy book to read, and I soon found myself swept up in its momentum. Here is a longer example that captures both theme and atmosphere well:

"In the lobbies of apartment buildings, I believe that you can still hear echoes of the footsteps of those who once crossed them but have now disappeared. Something continues to vibrate after their passing, sound waves getting weaker and weaker, but which you can still catch if you try. When it comes down to it, it may be that I never was this Pedro McEvoy, I never was anything; but the waves that passed by me, sometimes distant and sometimes closer, and all those echoes that hung in the air crystallized and that was me."*

It is writing of this caliber that raises Modiano above the level of the normal detective novelist. But also the question of where the protagonist's inquiries will take him. I do not want to say too much, but it becomes clear that his story will come to a head during the period of German occupation. Modiano has said that many of his novels use memory to explore the experience of his father, who was Jewish but survived the occupation. That does not appear to be the specific theme here, although references to "those years of night" crop up increasingly among the protagonist's informants. Although the novel builds to a climax that manages to be exciting and desolate at the same time, there have been other authors since who have pulled the net tighter and painted in darker tones. In short, I see this as an approachable and meaningful introduction to the work of this latest Nobelist, though I suspect that the reason for his winning the Prize has more to do with the totality of his oeuvre than the quality of any one book. [4.5 stars]

*Since I read the novel in French, all translations (however inadequate) are mine.

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Minggu, 18 Maret 2012

[C714.Ebook] Download Tuttle Learning Japanese Kanji: (JLPT Levels N5 & N4) The Innovative Method for Learning the 500 Most Essential Japanese Kanji Characters (

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Tuttle Learning Japanese Kanji: (JLPT Levels N5 & N4) The Innovative Method for Learning the 500 Most Essential Japanese Kanji Characters (

This book enables you to easily recognize the 500 most essential Japanese Kanji—and to memorize their readings and meanings quickly and easily!

This book teaches an innovative new method to learn the basic 500 Japanese characters—teaching you how to easily recognize the Kanji and to remember their readings and meanings. Learning to read Japanese and write Japanese requires knowing hundreds of Kanji. Traditionally, the ability to learn Kanji characters was accomplished purely by rote memorization. This method is extremely slow, tedious and time–consuming. The new science of mnemonics has changed all that. By associating an easily–remembered visual image and story with each Kanji, the learner is able to commit the characters to long–term memory far more easily and quickly than ever before. mnemonics also dramatically helps students to write kanji as well. This revolutionary new method has been tried by many thousands of students and it really works!

Using a systematic building–block approach to written Japanese, this beginner kanji book also shows you how more complicated characters are constructed from simpler elements. And similar mnemonic strategies are provided for learning the different pronunciations or "readings" of the characters. The CD–ROM that is included provides audio recordings by Japanese native speakers to perfect your pronunciation. It also provides a unique interactive software program showing you how to write each character and allowing you to write it yourself on screen!

This book can be used by anyone, and requires no prior knowledge of the Japanese language. It can be used in conjunction with any Japanese textbook to learn the important Kanji characters upon which the language is based.

Key features of this book include:

  • Drawings and stories to create mental associations for the characters that stick in the brain and allow you to recall their meanings and readings. A CD–ROM software program showing you how to write each kanji character
  • Native speaker audio recordings for all the Kanji characters, vocabulary and sample sentences.
  • Sample sentences to expand your vocabulary by showing you how the Kanji are actually used.
  • Extensive review exercises to reinforce what you've learned.
  • User–friendly indexes allowing you to look–up the Kanji and use the book like a Kanji dictionary.

The 500 Kanji characters provided in this book include all the characters needed for the AP and JLPT Level 4 and 5 exams–giving you access to approximately 80 percent of all the Kanji characters you encounter in Japan!

  • Sales Rank: #456396 in Books
  • Published on: 2013-04-09
  • Released on: 2013-04-09
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.00" w x 6.00" l, 1.55 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 480 pages

About the Author
Glen Nolan Grant is an acclaimed translator of Japanese. He has traveled extensively, visiting over 60 countries and learning to speak six languages. He became attracted to the Japanese writing system while living in Japan, and after hearing that many consider Japanese to be the most difficult written language in the world, he took on the challenge of finding a way to make learning it easier. Tuttle Learning Japanese Kanji is the result of that challenge.

Most helpful customer reviews

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
deciphering written Japanese
By LJG
Many years ago, I enrolled in a Japanese language course with the intent of moving to Japan. Not having a great facility for languages, I found myself frustrated and stymied by characters and symbols that I could not remember. Plans changed, I did not move to Japan and I did not think I had any further interest in learning Japanese.

Recently, someone told me that the mnemonics used by the author of this book were rather unique and some quite difficult to forget. I thought if the author could help me with information retention, I was game to try it again.

There is some quirky humour in this book… which appeals to me. Just check out the way to remember the Kanji for play… it had me laughing enough so I still remember it. Whether you have a serious determination to learn Japanese or just a passing interest, I think this book is a great option.

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
interesting...
By capelin345
As a native speaker of Japanese living in North America, I find the introduction of this book helpful to explain kanji to my English-speaking friends. This book does a good job explaining the difference between on-yomi and kun-yomi, which I often struggle when they ask.
The highlight of the book would be the “remembering this kanji” section where the author provides tips on how to memorize each kanji by visually decomposing the character into smaller components. For example, the way to remember the character “hundred” (hyaku; 百) is described as “A recent survey found that ONE HUNDRED percent of white bun tops are white. ONE HUNDRED percent! Rarely is scientific research so conclusive” (p.55), with a hand drawn hamburger bun, a jelly bean, and the sun. This section would possibly make the learning of kanji somewhat enjoyable, which otherwise would be daunting.

6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Similar to the Chinese Characters
By mpage
I am a big fan of Tuttle's Learning Chinese Characters and so I thought I would pick this book up when I started learning Japanese. The kanji have pretty much the same meaning as the chinese characters but the pronuncitions are different for Japanese. I'm a visual learner so I need to think of the Kanji in terms of pictures and this book does an excellent job of that. For every character there is a picture which helps to remember it. Highly recommend.

See all 14 customer reviews...

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Sabtu, 17 Maret 2012

[M435.Ebook] Get Free Ebook Brewing: RSC, by Ian Hornsey

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It is believed that beer has been produced, in some form, for thousands of years - the ancient Egyptians being one civilization with a knowledge of the fermentation process. Beer production has seen many changes over the centuries, and Brewing, Second Edition brings the reader right up to date with the advances in the last decade. Covering the various stages of beer production, reference is also made to microbiology within the brewery and some pointers to research on the topic are given. Written by a recently retired brewer, this book will appeal to all beer-lovers, but particularly those within the industry who wish to understand the processes, and will be relevant to students of food or biological sciences.

  • Sales Rank: #1224352 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Published on: 2013-07-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.98" h x .79" w x 5.98" l, 1.09 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 332 pages
Features
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Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By THOMAS BOLGER
very technical but one can skim that

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Sabtu, 10 Maret 2012

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  • Sales Rank: #603320 in Books
  • Published on: 2009
  • Number of items: 1
  • Binding: Paperback

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Kamis, 08 Maret 2012

[N181.Ebook] Fee Download Blood on My Hands, by Todd Strasser

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Blood on My Hands, by Todd Strasser

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Blood on My Hands, by Todd Strasser

Callie is at an October keg party in the woods, when she notices that her friend Katherine has gone missing. The kids spread out to look for her and Callie finds her, lying on a path, with a big, bloody fake knife in her. She reaches for the knife and raises it, only to discover, to her horror, that it is real. At that moment, another of the search party stumbles on them, and takes a photo of Callie holding the bloody knife. Now she is the suspect in a grisly murder. How can she prove her innocence - and find the true murderer?

  • Sales Rank: #114724 in Audible
  • Published on: 2010-09-28
  • Format: Unabridged
  • Original language: English
  • Running time: 461 minutes

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8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Thriller Y.A.
By Marjorie Light
Since the day I read Give a Boy a Gun, I've been a Todd Strasser fan. His writing is authentic and scary, sort of like that feeling you get when you are all alone and you think someone is watching you. You feel your hair standing up on your arms and little beads of sweat break out over your upper lip. "Is someone there? Hello?" His new novel, WISH YOU WERE DEAD keeps the chills coming.

From the first chapter, Strasser's YA thriller sets us up for more scares than a Halloween haunted house. We cautiously turn the page ahead to the next chapter, readying ourselves for another shock. He makes sure the evil keep popping out at us, giving us fright after fright.

WISH YOU WERE DEAD features a blend of four narrations: an anonymous teen's blog listing the kids she hates, a first person narrative by a nice girl named Madison from a wealthy community, a bit of omniscient narration, and strange ramblings from a possible psychopathic kidnapper. Strasser is able to pull off having this many different narrators through his talent as a writer and the use of font styles to indicate a change in narration.

The main character, Madison, is losing her close friends, one by one, and is receiving strange emails and notes warning her of each impending disaster. To compound matters, she is attracted to the new guy in school, but is unsure whether he is involved in the disappearances or not. When Madison decides to take matters into her own hands, we cringe, knowing no good can come out of a choice like that. The pace is fast and the end is shocking. As I sat curled up in my chair at 1:00 am, wanting to finish it, I was wishing I had started it earlier in the day...it was so dark outside and only a thin screen separated me from the noise on the porch...

Some language and violence, but nothing over the top for most teen readers. The themes of bullying, tolerance, and friendship are all ones to which students can relate. A perfect read for chill seekers...make plans to spend the wee hours of the night with this one.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Unrealistic
By A. Luciano
Madison is a high school student, dealing with all of the normal high school stuff. Then her former best friend, Lucy, disappears. Suddenly nothing is normal anymore.

Has Lucy been kidnapped? Or did she run away after fighting with her boyfriend? Has an anonymous blogger, hater of Lucy, somehow caused her disappearance?

Things get even more stressful in town when another popular high school student disappears, and Madison finds herself closely linked to both victims.

There are some parts of this book that are interesting. The high school characters act in believable ways, and their interrelationships made sense and seemed realistic.

The villain of this story, though, was entirely unrealistic. I found the ending of the book to be disappointing and anticlimactic.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Needs more development
By Azul
A few popular kids in a rich high school disappeared. Is somebody out there set to make the rich and beautiful "pay"? That sound like a very pretty interesting mystery to me. And it was. Then why the 2-stars?

Well, because of the endless chit-chat that was going on. Lucy and Madison are rich and pretty, but while Madison is nice and cares about people Lucy is/does not, that is why an anonymous student blogs that Lucy is making his/her life miserable and wishes her dead. Coincidentally enough, Lucy disappears without a trace.

I wished Strasser had showed why the blogger wanted Lucy dead so I could feel the same way. Because that is the point, no; to make you love or hate the characters so you connect with the story? But that doesn't happen here. I have to take the blogger's word that Lucy is a bee-ach to dislike her.

And then there are the entries of the diary of the person who's done Lucy in. They come out of the blue and just made me like Lucy and feel that what was being done to her was totally wrong. Also this person, who is obviously the killer, comes out of nowhere! Isn't there usually a hint or two for you to take a guess and keep you reading to the end if just to see if you were right?

Wish you were dead is just "the first installment in a new `thrill'-ogy." Really? Who else is Strasser going to kill next? The dumb and ugly?

What I liked: the mystery of the disappearances itself. The blogging; you'll notice how at the beginning the blog had zero comments and eventually it increased. And I also liked the anonymous stalker; he was deep and right down to the point.

What I didn't like: all the blah blah blah. I know a high school is full students but, why mention characters that play no part in the story whatsoever? Why introduce people that you are not going to keep around? And why mention "the lesbian duo" if you are not going to elaborate on that? All that was just background noise that took away from the real point.

Via [...]

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Sabtu, 03 Maret 2012

[C391.Ebook] Download Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World, by Jack A. Goldstone

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Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World, by Jack A. Goldstone

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Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World, by Jack A. Goldstone

What can the great crises of the past teach us about contemporary revolutions? Arguing from an exciting and original perspective, Goldstone suggests that great revolutions were the product of 'ecological crises' that occurred when inflexible political, economic, and social institutions were overwhelmed by the cumulative pressure of population growth on limited available resources. Moreover, he contends that the causes of the great revolutions of Europe—the English and French revolutions—were similar to those of the great rebellions of Asia, which shattered dynasties in Ottoman Turkey, China, and Japan.

The author observes that revolutions and rebellions have more often produced a crushing state orthodoxy than liberal institutions, leading to the conclusion that perhaps it is vain to expect revolution to bring democracy and economic progress. Instead, contends Goldstone, the path to these goals must begin with respect for individual liberty rather than authoritarian movements of 'national liberation.'

Arguing that the threat of revolution is still with us, Goldstone urges us to heed the lessons of the past. He sees in the United States a repetition of the behavior patterns that have led to internal decay and international decline in the past, a situation calling for new leadership and careful attention to the balance between our consumption and our resources.

Meticulously researched, forcefully argued, and strikingly original, Revolutions and Rebellions in the Early Modern World is a tour de force by a brilliant young scholar. It is a book that will surely engender much discussion and debate.

  • Sales Rank: #1477494 in eBooks
  • Published on: 1993-03-04
  • Released on: 1991-04-02
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Review
"A book of real stature--high-powered, provocative, and ambitious."--John A. Hall, "Contemporary Sociology

About the Author
Jack A. Goldstone is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for Comparative Research in History, Society, and Culture at the University of California, Davis.

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13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Outstanding Effort at Synthesis
By R. Albin
This very interesting and provocative book is an effort to explain the genesis of recurrent rebellions/revolutions in early modern Europe and comparable other Eurasian societies. It is based on careful reading of the enormous literature surrounding 17th century Europe, the French Revolution, the Ottoman Empire, the Ming-Qing transition, and the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate. Goldstone is also a clear writer who presents his ideas very well.

Rather than taking on the whole issue of revolution, Goldstone begins by restricting himself largely to a smaller but crucial question; what was responsible for state failure in the early modern world? Goldstone introduces a multifactorial model with 3 key components; inability of the state to raise sufficient revenues to finance itself, fissured elites, and disaffected marginal popular groups that could be mobilized for violence. This sounds fairly vague but Goldstone introduces a single driving force that generates the 3 key components; demographic expansion. In Goldstone's model, population growth in these pre-industrial economies leads to inflation with subsequent erosion of state (and individual) purchasing power. Coupled with the increasing real costs of important state activities like the costs of warfare, this leads to fiscal crises for the state. Population growth, often accompanied by considerable turnover of the upper classes, leads to increased competition among elites for privileged positions, especially state patronage which the financially strapped states cannot accomodate. The resulting insecurity among and competition among elites often leads to an adversarial relationship to the state at it seeks to improve its revenue base. Finally, demographic growth leads to a reservoir of groups, displaced peasants, marginalized urban workers, who can form popular shock troops for any violent actions.

Goldstone applies this model systematically to early modern Europe, specifically 17th century Britain and 18th century France. His formulation is a considerable success in the context of explaining the outbreak of the English Civil War and the French Revolution. Goldstone's model also does well in explaining why other turbulent events, like the revolt of Catalonia or the default of Louis XIV's government didn't generate state failure. He then proceeds to demonstrate the generality of the model by thoughtful application to Ottoman Turkey and Ming China. There is also an interesting discussion of Tokugawa Japan, something of an outlier and Goldstone argues well that this is an exception that proves the rule case. Its certainly possible to argue with aspects of Goldstone's model and its application. For example, I think some aspects of his interpretation of late 17th century Britain are wrong, and I would argue with his exact explanation of how demographic upturns ended, but this is overall a very impressive effort.

Goldstone also discusses what can happen after state failure. He as more speculative but quite interesting set of discussions of how state failure can lead to revolution and what factors lead to specific revolutionary outcomes. Like the rest of this book, this is based on a shrewd reading of much interesting literature and is presented well.

In addition to the value of Goldstone's broad synthesis, this book also contains a number of valuable summaries of relevant topic. The discussion of the difficult issue of French public finance during the 18th century, for example, is outstanding.

While Goldstone may not have everything correct, this book provides a very creditable framework for understanding a broad sweep of history. An outstanding achievement.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Insurgency and Revolutions Review
By Kenneth T King
I found Jack A. Goldstone's Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World was an incredibly informative piece of literature about a very complicated topic in which Goldstone's book does much to de-mystify. I thoroughly enjoyed my first foray into comparative political economics. As a Bachelor of Science in Economics, of which I haven't done much with since college, it was a fun return to the world of statistics and econometrics.

In Michael Richard's review of Goldstone's opus he notes that Goldstone takes a lot from previous sociological disciplines including the works of Moore and Skocpol but states it "goes well beyond both works;" which it does . It is hard to imagine any book could take a more detailed examination of revolutions that Goldstone does in Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World. It is worth noting that both this review and a review of the book by R. Albin, cite demographic expansion as the main operandi of state breakdown. However, the R. Albin review notes that demographic expansion is only a part of a "multifactorial model with three key components: inability of the state to raise sufficient revenues to finance itself, fissured elites and disaffected marginal popular groups that could be mobilized for violence" . While Goldstone makes it clear that demographic expansion was definitively a driving force behind state breakdown, the effects of demographic change within the state and the certain cost-benefit analysis and changes in expectations that accompanied that demographic change are what Goldstone is hypothesizing are the facilitators of revolution. This is significant because in a modern world where demographic expansion may not necessarily be correlated with state breakdown (also in a later example of Japan), the factors Goldstone cites as the causes of revolution and rebellion are still highly volatile and continue to have causality. In fact, Goldstone even lays this out in the Preface when he states that revolution is statistically better when "society simultaneously experiences three kinds of difficulties" to include: government revenue crisis, elite discontent and increased pressure from a mobile populace." Notice that demographic expansion is not named.

Revolution and Rebellion was incredibly informative, especially in the first and last couple of chapters in which Goldstone's theories were laid out for the reader and his hypothesis and theoretical framework were explained. My particular favorite was when he not only lays out the links between his theories of the causes of state crisis but also applies his rational to the United States and explains why this country might be facing problems in the future as well. It was this linkage between his analysis of the past as it applies to the present and the future that made the other 300+ pages worth reading.

Parts of this book reminded me of Les Miserables' 2nd book of Volume 5 in which Victor Hugo writes about the French sewers for 100+ pages and all the time you are wondering (unless perhaps you have a PhD in waste management) why it is necessary to go into such minute detail. Unlike Hugo's famous fiction work about the struggles of Jean Valjean and Javert, we are reading a narrative concerning the all too real struggles (during the majority of the book) of France prior to the French Revolution of 1789 and the English Revolution of 1642.
In Goldstone's first illustration of his theory's explanatory power, he very systematically explains how England's 1642 Revolution was the eventual manifestation of the problems England was having during that time period. The first variable examined is that demographic expansion that was mentioned in earlier reviews. He explains how an increase in population by over 100% from 1500-1650 due to decreased mortality rates (especially children "between one to nine years" ) along with more urbanization and a younger population had several effects on the immediate political and economic situation of England during that time period. As noted before, it was not necessarily the population increase that caused the revolution, but more directly the environment in which the population was. These included inflation, inability for the government to efficiently collect revenue, the effect population increase had on the inheritance of elite gentry families and their wealth (and more specifically their multiple sons who were given a lesser and lesser portion of the family wealth) and the factors of the increasingly younger and more urbanized population on mass mobilization. Goldstone then packages these factors into a model of "pressures for crisis" .

Goldstone then goes on to offer the French Revolution in juxtaposition to the early English revolt to show the dichotomy between a different causal framework which arrives at the same variables for state crisis that England did over a century earlier. Again Goldstone begins with an explanation of population growth in which he notes that while France did not have an overly large increase in population as England did, it was markedly elevated around the time of the evolution; what was harmful to France was an agricultural community that could not support the populace. The younger generations of Frenchman, whose increase was nearly identical to the English, were becoming more urbanized and more industrialized. The nation was flourishing in manufactures at the time. However, the French monarchy continued to try and collect its revenue from an agriculture sector which was stagnant. As the population grew but the French coffers did not, it became harder and harder to keep the country docile. Additionally, increased social mobility caused by inflation, increased mortality and the fall of government revenue ensured the elites were primed for a showdown. Lastly, the increased cost of land, inflation, increased urbanization and a youthful population all have explanatory power concerning France's famous revolution.

While the contributing factors leading to inflation, elite discontent and mass mobilization potential weren't necessarily the same as in the English example, the eventual causes of the revolution were very much the same.

At this point, we receive a reprieve by Goldstone of his modeling and explanations of French agricultural and English Puritanism (which he also cites as a factor leading to mass mobilization in 1642) and start to move East around the globe. Our first departure from meticulousness is in the countries that Napoleon (a product of the 1749 Revolution) had previously conquered and were now in the throes of pre-revolutionary disaster; including Germany. However, unlike France and England, Germany was able to use controlling forces in Prussia, which was fairly stable, to quell the rebellion in the rest of the country. Germany was much better poised and was more opportunistic than France in maximizing its resources. This shows that while population change (because in fact there was specific cause for alarm concerning this variable) "can generate the conditions of the crisis . . . the exact shape and outcome of the crisis depend crucially on the precise resources and the institutions of particular states."

After this interlude in Germany, Ottoman and Chinese civilizations are discussed. These short chapters offer the explanations of the Ottoman Crisis of 1590-1610 and 1622-1628 as well as the Ming-Qing Transition in 1644. In which primarily an inability to collect taxes, the rise of the merchant class and the landlessness and poverty of the peasant population affected stability. In China we see much the same including an increase in inflation, a decrease in willingness of wealthy families to sponsor China's own version of a noble scholar class and the unpaid mercenaries and postal workers who led the revolt on a fiscally deprived dynasty.

Lastly, Goldstone takes a look at the Tokugawa Shogun Japan where, though it is a completely different demographical situation, the results tend towards the same outcome. Japan, unlike the previous examples, did not have an increasing population prior to the revolution, agricultural yields were improving and there was a strict caste structure. It was an excellent example for Goldstone to end on because it shows that though the reasons may be different, the increase of the psi of revolutionary pressure ultimately reaching a tipping point can cause state crisis. Interestingly enough the biggest problems in France, England, the Ottoman Empire and China were related to inflation caused by decreasing revenues as costs of goods rose. But Japan did not collect taxes in money but instead bartered in rice and its population did not increase, but remained stagnant prior to the revolution. As rice production increased but there were not enough citizens to eat it, the price of rice dropped and so the problem in Japan was essentially deflation; as far as the government revenue streams were concerned. Alternatively, the merchant class was expanding its breadth of services and was eclipsing the samurai in wealth, something that was to turn the tide of the military caste.

At this point, the models have explained what Goldstone is trying to prove and the book embarks on a quest to explain how ideology, once the initial mechanisms of revolution have taken hold, run with revolution. He explains that while psi may explain how revolutions and state crisis develop, but once the "Old Regime" is no longer, "ideology and culture . . . play the leading, rather than a following role." He further goes on to show that it is not necessarily the ideology that wins support during a state crisis it is in fact the "organization in comparison to their opponents and competitors" that appeal to people's since of order and thus garner their fraternity. Additionally, radicalism during a revolutionary period is usually followed by an authoritarian regime taking control and establishing peace.

Finally, Goldstone discusses the propensity of psi in the United States and though the country is close to a fiscal crisis the democratically representative government may be a stop-gap to prevent a state crisis.

Overall, it Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World was an eye opening book on the mechanisms of state crisis and the very specific past examples and how they relate to present examples. At times it was tedious but only to clearly define the instigators of change.

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